__________________________________________________________ The U.S. Department of Energy Computer Incident Advisory Capability ___ __ __ _ ___ / | /_\ / \___ __|__ / \ \___ __________________________________________________________ INFORMATION BULLETIN Multiple Vulnerabilities in Firewall Services Module [Cisco Security Advisory Document ID: 98612] October 18, 2007 13:00 GMT Number S-018 [REVISED 09 Nov 2007] ______________________________________________________________________________ PROBLEM: Two crafted packet vulnerabilities exist in the Cisco Firewall Services Module (FWSM) that may result in a reload of the FWSM. PLATFORM: Firewall Services Module versions 3.1(5), 3.1(6) and prior or 3.2(1), 3.2(2) PIX 500 Series Security Appliances Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adapative Security Appliance DAMAGE: May result in a denial of service (DoS) attack and if a device becomes affected after an administrator manipulates an ACL may allow traffic that would normally be denied, or deny traffic that would normally be permitted. SOLUTION: Upgrade to the appropriate version. ______________________________________________________________________________ VULNERABILITY The risk is MEDIUM. May result in a denial of service (DoS) ASSESSMENT: attack and if a device becomes affected after an administrator manipulates an ACL may allow traffic that would normally be denied, or deny traffic that would normally be permitted. ______________________________________________________________________________ LINKS: CIAC BULLETIN: http://www.ciac.org/ciac/bulletins/s-018.shtml ORIGINAL BULLETIN: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20071017- fwsm.shtml#@ID ______________________________________________________________________________ REVISION HISTORY: 11/09/2007 - revised S-018 to reflect changes Cisco made in Document ID: 98612 where they updated expected availability date for FWSM version 3.2(3). [***** Start Cisco Security Advisory Document ID: 98612 *****] Cisco Security Advisory: Multiple Vulnerabilities in Firewall Services Module Document ID: 98612 Advisory ID: cisco-sa-20071017-fwsm http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20071017-fwsm.shtml Revision 1.1 Last Updated 2007 October 31 1900 UTC (GMT) For Public Release 2007 October 17 1600 UTC (GMT) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contents Summary Affected Products Details Vulnerability Scoring Details Impact Software Versions and Fixes Workarounds Obtaining Fixed Software Exploitation and Public Announcements Status of this Notice: FINAL Distribution Revision History Cisco Security Procedures -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Summary Two crafted packet vulnerabilities exist in the Cisco Firewall Services Module (FWSM) that may result in a reload of the FWSM. These vulnerabilities can be triggered during the processing of HTTPS requests, or during the processing of Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) packets. A third vulnerability may cause access control list (ACL) entries to not be evaluated after the access list has been manipulated. Note: These vulnerabilities are independent of each other; a device may be affected by one and not by the others. This advisory is posted at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20071017-fwsm.shtml. [Expand all sections] [Collapse all sections] Affected Products Vulnerable Products The FWSM is affected by a crafted HTTPS request vulnerability if the HTTPS server on the FWSM is enabled and is running software versions 3.1(5) and prior or 3.2(1). Version 2.3.x is not affected. The HTTPS server is not enabled by default. The FWSM is affected by a crafted MGCP packet vulnerability if MGCP application layer protocol inspection is enabled and the device is running software version 3.1(5) and prior. Versions 2.3.x and 3.2.x are not affected. MGCP inspection is not enabled by default. The FWSM is affected by an access control list corruption vulnerability that may result in the ACL not working properly, i.e. the ACL may allow traffic that would normally be denied, or would deny traffic that would normally be permitted. Affected versions include 3.1(6) and prior and 3.2(2) and prior. Version 2.3.x is not affected. In addition to the FWSM, the crafted MGCP packet vulnerability also affects the PIX 500 Series Security Appliances and the Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances. More information regarding vulnerabilities affecting the PIX and ASA can be found in the companion advisory located at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20071017-asa.shtml. To determine if you are running a vulnerable version of FWSM software, issue the show module command-line interface (CLI) command from Cisco IOS or Cisco CatOS to identify what modules and sub-modules are installed in the system. The following example shows a system with a Firewall Service Module (WS-SVC-FWM-1) installed in slot 4. switch#show module Mod Ports Card Type Model Serial No. --- ----- -------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------- 1 48 SFM-capable 48 port 10/100/1000mb RJ45 WS-X6548-GE-TX SAxxxxxxxxx 4 6 Firewall Module WS-SVC-FWM-1 SAxxxxxxxxx 5 2 Supervisor Engine 720 (Active) WS-SUP720-BASE SAxxxxxxxxx 6 2 Supervisor Engine 720 (Hot) WS-SUP720-BASE SAxxxxxxxxxAfter locating the correct slot, issue the show module command to identify the software version that is running: switch#show module 4 Mod Ports Card Type Model Serial No. --- ----- -------------------------------------- ----------------- ----------- 4 6 Firewall Module WS-SVC-FWM-1 SAxxxxxxxxx Mod MAC addresses Hw Fw Sw Status --- --------------------------------- ------ ------------ ------------ ------- 4 0003.e4xx.xxxx to 0003.e4xx.xxxx 3.0 7.2(1) 3.1(3) OkThe example above shows that the FWSM is running version 3.1(3) as indicated by the column under "Sw" above. Note: Recent versions of Cisco IOS will show the software version of each module in the output from the show module command; therefore, executing the show module command is not necessary. Alternatively, the information may also be obtained directly from the FWSM through the show version command as seen below. FWSM#show version FWSM Firewall Version 3.1(3)Customers who use the Cisco Adaptive Security Device Manager (ASDM) to manage their devices can find the version of the software displayed in the table in the login window or in the upper left corner of the ASDM window. The version notation is similar to this: FWSM Version: 3.1(3) Products Confirmed Not Vulnerable With the exception of the Cisco PIX 500 Series Security Appliances and the Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances, no other Cisco products are known to be vulnerable to the issues described in this advisory. Top of the section Close Section Details This Security Advisory describes multiple distinct vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are independent of each other. 1. Crafted HTTPS Request A FWSM that has the HTTPS server enabled may reload if a crafted HTTP request is processed by the device. The HTTPS server is disabled by default. The source IP address and interface on which the HTTPS request is received must comply with the configured http
command. For example, if the command http 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 inside is present in the configuration, then only crafted HTTPS requests coming from the 10.10.10.0/24 network may represent an issue for the device. No other HTTP(s) services are known to be affected, such as HTTP Inspection, HTTP/HTTPS Proxy Server, and HTTP redirect. To confirm if the HTTPS server is enabled, log in to the FWSM and issue the CLI command show running-config | include http. If the output contains both http server enable and http
, then the device has a vulnerable configuration. The following example shows an FWSM with a vulnerable configuration: FWSM# show running-config | include http http server enable http 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 inside FWSM#This vulnerability is documented in Cisco Bug ID CSCsi77844 ( registered customers only) and does not affect the PIX or ASA security appliances. 2. Crafted MGCP Packet An FWSM that has the MGCP application layer protocol inspection feature enabled may reload when a crafted MGCP packet is processed by the device. MGCP application layer protocol inspection is not enabled by default. MGCP messages are transmitted over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which does allow the crafted MGCP messages to be sourced from a spoofed address. Only the MGCP for gateway application (MGCP traffic on UDP port 2427) is affected. To determine whether MGCP inspection is configured on the FWSM, log in to the device and issue the CLI command show service-policy | include mgcp. If the output contains the text Inspect: mgcp and some statistics, then the device has a vulnerable configuration. The following example shows a vulnerable FWSM: FWSM# show service-policy | include mgcp Inspect: mgcp, packet 66, drop 0, reset-drop 0 FWSM#This vulnerability is documented in Cisco Bug ID CSCsi00694 ( registered customers only) . The corresponding Cisco Bug ID for the PIX and ASA security appliances, included in the companion PIX/ASA Security Advisory, is CSCsi90468 ( registered customers only) . 3. Manipulation of ACL May Cause ACL Corruption This vulnerability may cause access control list entries (ACEs) in an ACL that has been manipulated to not be evaluated. Manipulation of the ACL can take place via the command-line interface or ASDM and consists of deleting and re-adding ACEs. When the access list is manipulated in this way, the internal structure that represents the ACL becomes corrupted, resulting in the FWSM not evaluating some ACEs. Because ACEs in an ACL may not be evaluated, the ACL may allow traffic that would normally be denied, or deny traffic that would normally be permitted. This vulnerability is documented in Cisco Bug ID CSCsj52536 ( registered customers only) and does not affect the PIX or ASA security appliances. Top of the section Close Section Vulnerability Scoring Details Cisco is providing scores for the vulnerabilities in this advisory based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). The CVSS scoring in this Security Advisory is done in accordance with CVSS version 2.0. Cisco will provide a base and temporal score. Customers can then compute environmental scores to assist in determining the impact of the vulnerability in individual networks. CVSS is a standards-based scoring method that conveys vulnerability severity and helps determine urgency and priority of response. Cisco has provided an FAQ to answer additional questions regarding CVSS at http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/cvss-qandas.html. Cisco has also provided a CVSS calculator to help compute the environmental impact for individual networks at http://intellishield.cisco.com/security/alertmanager/cvss. CSCsi77844 - Crafted HTTPS Request. Calculate the environmental score of CSCsi77844 CVSS Base Score - 7.8 Access Vector Access Complexity Authentication Confidentiality Impact Integrity Impact Availability Impact Network Low None None None Complete CVSS Temporal Score - 6.4 Exploitability Remediation Level Report Confidence Functional Official-Fix Confirmed CSCsi00694 - Crafted MGCP packet. Calculate the environmental score of CSCsi00694 CVSS Base Score - 7.1 Access Vector Access Complexity Authentication Confidentiality Impact Integrity Impact Availability Impact Network Medium None None None Complete CVSS Temporal Score - 5.9 Exploitability Remediation Level Report Confidence Functional Official-Fix Confirmed CSCsj52536 - Manipulation of ACL May Cause ACL Corruption Calculate the environmental score of CSCsj52536 CVSS Base Score - 6.8 Access Vector Access Complexity Authentication Confidentiality Impact Integrity Impact Availability Impact Network Medium None Partial Partial Partial CVSS Temporal Score - 5.6 Exploitability Remediation Level Report Confidence Functional Official-Fix Confirmed Top of the section Close Section Impact Successful exploitation of the crafted packet vulnerabilities that are described in this advisory will result in a reload of the affected device. Repeated exploitation can result in a sustained denial of service (DoS) attack. In the case of the "Manipulation of ACL May Cause ACL Corruption" vulnerability, a device that becomes affected after an administrator manipulates an ACL may allow traffic that would normally be denied, or deny traffic that would normally be permitted. If the ACL is used for other functions like NAT (policy NAT and NAT exemption), AAA (auth-proxy), control of access to the device (SSH, Telnet, HTTP, ICMP), then those functions may be adversely affected as well. Top of the section Close Section Software Versions and Fixes When considering software upgrades, also consult http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt and any subsequent advisories to determine exposure and a complete upgrade solution. In all cases, customers should exercise caution to be certain that the devices to be upgraded contain sufficient memory and that current hardware and software configurations will continue to be supported properly by the new release. If the information is not clear, contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center ("TAC") or your contracted maintenance provider for assistance. The following list contains the first fixed software release for each vulnerability: Vulnerability Affected Major Release First Fixed Release Crafted HTTPS Request 2.3 Not affected 3.1 3.1(6) 3.2 3.2(2) Crafted MGCP packet 2.3 Not affected 3.1 3.1(6) 3.2 Not affected Manipulation of ACL May Cause ACL Corruption 2.3 Not affected 3.1 3.1(7) 3.2 3.2(3) - tentatively available Q4CY07 FWSM software versions 3.1(7) and 3.2(3) contain the fixes for all the vulnerabilities described in this document. FWSM software is available for download from the following location on cisco.com: http://www.cisco.com/pcgi-bin/tablebuild.pl/cat6000-fwsm?psrtdcat20e2 ( registered customers only) Top of the section Close Section Workarounds General Considerations Filters that deny HTTPS packets using TCP port 443 and MGCP packets on UDP port 2427 should be deployed throughout the network as part of a transit ACL (tACL) policy for protection of traffic which enters the network at ingress access points. This policy should be configured to protect the network device where the filter is applied and other devices behind it. Filters for HTTPS packets using TCP port 443 and MGCP packets on UDP port 2427 should also be deployed in front of vulnerable network devices so that traffic is only allowed from trusted clients. Additional information about tACLs is available in "Transit Access Control Lists : Filtering at Your Edge": http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk648/tk361/technologies_white_paper09186a00801afc76.shtml. Additional mitigations techniques that can be deployed on Cisco devices within the network are available in the Cisco Applied Intelligence companion document for this advisory: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-air-20071017-asafwsm.shtml. 1. Crafted HTTPS Request There are no workarounds for these vulnerabilities other than disabling the HTTPS server on the device. See the Cisco Applied Intelligence companion document for mitigations. Limiting the networks and hosts that can connect to the HTTPS server on the FWSM can help mitigate this vulnerability. For example, if the command http 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 inside is present in the configuration, then only hosts on this trusted network can establish HTTPS sessions with the FWSM. This scenario eliminates the possibility of malicious hosts on other IP networks launching successful attacks against the FWSM. 2. Crafted MGCP Packet There is no workaround for this vulnerability other than disabling MGCP application layer protocol inspection on the device. Leveraging anti-spoofing techniques will help mitigate spoofed packets from triggering this vulnerability. Limiting MGCP application layer inspection to traffic between MGCP gateways may help to mitigate this vulnerability since it would require an attacker to have additional information (the addresses of the MGCP gateways) to launch a successful attack. To limit MGCP application layer inspection to traffic between certain devices, a class map that matches only traffic between the gateways must be created. Then, MGCP inspection must be performed on traffic in that class. The following example shows how to accomplish this: FWSM(config)# access-list mgcp_traffic permit udp host 192.168.0.1 host 172.16.0.1 eq 2427 FWSM(config)# access-list mgcp_traffic permit udp host 172.16.0.1 host 192.168.0.1 eq 2427 FWSM(config)# class-map MGCP FWSM(config-cmap)# match access-list mgcp_traffic FWSM(config-cmap)# exit FWSM(config)# policy-map global_policy FWSM(config-pmap)# class inspection_default FWSM(config-pmap-c)# no inspect mgcp FWSM(config-pmap-c)# exit FWSM(config-pmap)# class MGCP FWSM(config-pmap-c)# inspect mgcp FWSM(config-pmap-c)# exit FWSM(config-pmap)# exit FWSM(config)# Note that MGCP inspection is applied only to UDP traffic between hosts 192.168.0.1 and 172.16.0.1 See the Cisco Applied Intelligence companion document for additional mitigation possibilities. 3. Manipulation of ACL May Cause ACL Corruption A possible workaround for this vulnerability is to completely remove the ACL before modifying it, and then recreate it with the desired changes. ACLs can be removed with the command clear configure access-list . Note: The ACL corruption does not occur during normal operation of the device, and it cannot be triggered by some type of traffic. It can only occur if an administrator makes configuration changes, and more specifically, if an administrator manipulates an ACL. For this reason, if ACL changes are made only during a maintenance window and the FWSM is reloaded after making those changes, there should not be any concerns with this vulnerability. Top of the section Close Section Obtaining Fixed Software Prior to deploying software, customers should consult their maintenance provider or check the software for feature set compatibility and known issues specific to their environment. Customers may only install and expect support for the feature sets they have purchased. By installing, downloading, accessing or otherwise using such software upgrades, customers agree to be bound by the terms of Cisco's software license terms found at http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-license-agreement.html, or as otherwise set forth at Cisco.com Downloads at http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/sw-usingswc.shtml. Do not contact either "psirt@cisco.com" or "security-alert@cisco.com" for software upgrades. Customers with Service Contracts Customers with contracts should obtain upgraded software through their regular update channels. For most customers, this means that upgrades should be obtained through the Software Center on Cisco's worldwide website at http://www.cisco.com. Customers using Third Party Support Organizations Customers whose Cisco products are provided or maintained through prior or existing agreement with third-party support organizations such as Cisco Partners, authorized resellers, or service providers should contact that support organization for guidance and assistance with the appropriate course of action in regards to this advisory. The effectiveness of any workaround or fix is dependent on specific customer situations such as product mix, network topology, traffic behavior, and organizational mission. Due to the variety of affected products and releases, customers should consult with their service provider or support organization to ensure any applied workaround or fix is the most appropriate for use in the intended network before it is deployed. Customers without Service Contracts Customers who purchase direct from Cisco but who do not hold a Cisco service contract and customers who purchase through third-party vendors but are unsuccessful at obtaining fixed software through their point of sale should get their upgrades by contacting the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC). TAC contacts are as follows. +1 800 553 2447 (toll free from within North America) +1 408 526 7209 (toll call from anywhere in the world) e-mail: tac@cisco.com Have your product serial number available and give the URL of this notice as evidence of your entitlement to a free upgrade. Free upgrades for non-contract customers must be requested through the TAC. Refer to http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml for additional TAC contact information, including special localized telephone numbers and instructions and e-mail addresses for use in various languages. Top of the section Close Section Exploitation and Public Announcements The Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerabilities described in this advisory. The crafted packet vulnerabilities were discovered by Cisco during internal testing of the associated products. The ACL corruption vulnerability was discovered during the resolution of customer support cases. Top of the section Close Section Status of this Notice: FINAL THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND DOES NOT IMPLY ANY KIND OF GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. YOUR USE OF THE INFORMATION ON THE DOCUMENT OR MATERIALS LINKED FROM THE DOCUMENT IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. CISCO RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE OR UPDATE THIS DOCUMENT AT ANY TIME. A stand-alone copy or Paraphrase of the text of this document that omits the distribution URL in the following section is an uncontrolled copy, and may lack important information or contain factual errors. Top of the section Close Section Distribution This advisory is posted on Cisco's worldwide website at : http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20071017-fwsm.shtml In addition to worldwide web posting, a text version of this notice is clear-signed with the Cisco PSIRT PGP key and is posted to the following e-mail and Usenet news recipients. cust-security-announce@cisco.com first-teams@first.org bugtraq@securityfocus.com vulnwatch@vulnwatch.org cisco@spot.colorado.edu cisco-nsp@puck.nether.net full-disclosure@lists.grok.org.uk comp.dcom.sys.cisco@newsgate.cisco.com Future updates of this advisory, if any, will be placed on Cisco's worldwide website, but may or may not be actively announced on mailing lists or newsgroups. Users concerned about this problem are encouraged to check the above URL for any updates. Top of the section Close Section Revision History Revision 1.1 2007-October-31 Updated expected availability date for FWSM version 3.2(3) Revision 1.0 2007-October-17 Initial public release. Top of the section Close Section [***** End Cisco Security Advisory Document ID: 98612 *****] _______________________________________________________________________________ CIAC wishes to acknowledge the contributions of Cisco for the information contained in this bulletin. _______________________________________________________________________________ CIAC, the Computer Incident Advisory Capability, is the computer security incident response team for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the emergency backup response team for the National Institutes of Health (NIH). CIAC is located at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California. CIAC is also a founding member of FIRST, the Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams, a global organization established to foster cooperation and coordination among computer security teams worldwide. CIAC services are available to DOE, DOE contractors, and the NIH. CIAC can be contacted at: Voice: +1 925-422-8193 (7x24) FAX: +1 925-423-8002 STU-III: +1 925-423-2604 E-mail: ciac@ciac.org Previous CIAC notices, anti-virus software, and other information are available from the CIAC Computer Security Archive. World Wide Web: http://www.ciac.org/ Anonymous FTP: ftp.ciac.org PLEASE NOTE: Many users outside of the DOE, ESnet, and NIH computing communities receive CIAC bulletins. If you are not part of these communities, please contact your agency's response team to report incidents. Your agency's team will coordinate with CIAC. The Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) is a world-wide organization. A list of FIRST member organizations and their constituencies can be obtained via WWW at http://www.first.org/. This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the University of California nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the United States Government or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. LAST 10 CIAC BULLETINS ISSUED (Previous bulletins available from CIAC) S-008: Vulnerability in Microsoft Word S-009: Vulnerability in RPC S-010: X Font Server Vulnerabilities S-011: VMware Security Updates S-012: hplip Security Update S-013: Cisco IOS Line Printer Daemon (LPD) Vulnerability S-014: librpcsecgss Vulnerability S-015: Oracle Critical Patch Update - October 2007 S-016: Multiple Vulnerabilities in Cisco PIX and ASA Appliances S-017: Cisco Unified Communications Manager Denial of Service Vulnerabilities